A recent study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association explored the impact of bariatric surgery on brain function, specifically cognitive abilities.
The study included 133 participants aged 35–55, of whom 84% were women and 16% were men. All participants underwent a standard bypass procedure.
Before the surgery, participants underwent a series of cognitive and neurophysiological tests, provided blood samples, and underwent MRI scans. Their brain functions were then assessed at two intervals: six months and 24 months post-surgery. The aim was to evaluate the effects of significant and sustained weight loss on cognitive performance.
The study revealed notable improvements in various aspects of cognitive function:
- 11% of participants experienced enhanced working memory (short-term memory used for processing information and solving complex tasks).
- 31% showed improvement in episodic memory (long-term memory of past experiences).
- 24% exhibited better verbal expression skills.
- 40% improved their ability to direct attention and shift focus.
- 42% demonstrated at least a 20% improvement in overall cognition.
MRI scans revealed structural changes in the brain, including an increase in the thickness of the temporal lobe cortex and improved blood flow to this area. These changes persisted even two years after the surgery.
Additional health benefits of bariatric surgery
Beyond cognitive improvements, the study confirmed several well-known health benefits of bariatric surgery, including:
- Reduction in body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference
- Lower blood pressure
- Decreased markers of inflammation
- Reduced need for medications for comorbid conditions
- Fewer symptoms of depression
- Increased physical activity levels
Bariatric surgery is not just a tool for weight loss—it can significantly enhance quality of life and mental health. The findings of this study offer hope that weight loss can play a vital role in maintaining brain health and memory as well.
This research underscores the transformative potential of bariatric surgery, offering both physical and cognitive health benefits that extend well beyond the surgery itself.
Resource: Custers E, Vreeken D, Kleemann R, et al. Long-Term Brain Structure and Cognition Following Bariatric Surgery. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(2):e2355380. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.55380
